Battle of Puebla and Cinco de Mayo

The Battle of Puebla was fought May 5, 1862 and occurred during the French intervention in Mexico. Landing a small army in Mexico in early 1862 under the pretense of forcing the repayment of Mexican debts, France soon moved to conquer the country. As the United States was occupied with its own Civil War and could not intervene, the government of Napoleon III saw an opportunity to install a friendly regime while gaining access to Mexicos natural resources. Advancing from Veracruz, French forces drove inland before engaging the Mexicans outside of Puebla. Though outnumbered and outclassed, the Mexicans successfully repulsed the French assaults on the city and forced them to retreat. Despite the fact that French forces succeeded in taking control of the country a year later, the date of the victory at Puebla inspired the holiday that has evolved into Cinco de Mayo. Background In the summer of 1861, President Benito Juà ¡rez announced that Mexico would suspend repayment of loans to Britain, France, and Spain for two years as he worked to stabilize his nations finances. These loans had primarily been taken to finance operations during the Mexican-American War and the Reform War. Unwilling to accept this suspension, the three European nations concluded the Convention of London in late 1861 and formed an alliance to deal with the Mexicans. In December 1861, British, French, and Spanish fleets arrived off Mexico. While a blatant violation of the U.S. Monroe Doctrine, the United States was powerless to intervene as it was embroiled in its own Civil War. On December 17, Spanish forces captured the fortress of San Juan de Ulà ºa and the city of Veracruz. The following month, 6,000 Spanish, 3,000 French, and 700 British soldiers came ashore. French Intentions On February 19, 1862, Mexican Foreign Minister Manuel Doblado met with British and Spanish representatives near La Soledad. Here the two European nations agreed not to advance further while debt negotiations were in progress. As talks progressed, the French captured the port of Campeche on February 27. A few days later, on March 5, a a French army under the command of Major General Charles Ferdinand Latrille, Comte de Lorencez was landed and began operations. As it quickly became evident that French intentions extended far beyond debt repayment, both Britain and Spain elected to depart Mexico, leaving their former ally to proceed on its own. With the United States unable to intervene, French Emperor Napoleon III sought to topple Juà ¡rezs government, install a favorable regime, and gain unfettered access to Mexicos resources. Concentrating his army, Lorencez moved forward with an attempt to conquer Mexico. Lorencez Advances Pressing inland to avoid the diseases of the coast, Lorencez occupied Orizaba which prevented the Mexicans from taking possession of key mountain passes near the port of Veracruz. Falling back, the General Ignacio Zaragozas Army of the East took up positions near Acultzingo Pass. On April 28, his men were defeated by Lorencez during a large skirmish and he retreated toward Puebla. On the road to Mexico City, Juà ¡rez had ordered fortifications constructed around the city in anticipation of a French offensive. Reporting his victory at Acultzingo, Lorencez stated, We are so superior to the Mexicans in organization, race...and refinement of manners, that I am pleased to announce to His Imperial Majesty, Napoleon III, that from this moment on, as the leader of my 6,000 brave soldiers, I can consider myself the owner of Mexico. Battle of Puebla Conflict: French Intervention in Mexico (1861-1867)Dates: May 5, 1862Armies Commanders:MexicansGeneral Ignacio Zaragozaapprox. 4,500 menFrenchMajor General Charles de Lorencez6,040 menCasualties:Mexico: 87 killed, 131 wounded, 12 missingFrance: 172 killed, 304 wounded, 35 captured Major General Charles de Lorencez. Public Domain The Armies Meet Pushing on, Lorencez, whose troops were among the best in the world, believed he could easily dislodge Zaragoza from the town. This was reinforced by intelligence suggesting that the population was pro-French and would aid in expelling Zaragozas men. Reaching Puebla late on May 3, Zaragoza set his men to improving the citys defenses before placing his forces in an entrenched line between two hills. This line was anchored by two hilltop forts, Loreto and Guadalupe. Arriving on May 5, Lorencez decided, against the advice of his subordinates, to storm the Mexican lines. Opening fire with his artillery, he ordered the first attack forward. The French Beaten Meeting heavy fire from Zaragozas lines and the two forts, this attack was beaten back. Somewhat surprised, Lorencez drew upon his reserves for a second attack and ordered a diversionary strike towards the east side of the city. Supported by artillery fire, the second assault advanced further than the first but was still defeated. One French soldier managed to plant the Tricolor on the wall of Fort Guadalupe but was immediately killed. The diversionary attack fared better and was only repulsed after brutal hand-to-hand fighting. Attack of the Mexican cavarly at the Battle of Puebla, May 5, 1862. Public Domain Having expended the ammunition for his artillery, Lorencez ordered an unsupported third attempt on the heights. Surging forward, the French closed to the Mexican lines but were unable to breakthrough. As they fell back down the hills, Zaragoza ordered his cavalry to attack on both flanks. These strikes were supported by infantry moving into flanking positions. Stunned, Lorencez and his men fell back and assumed a defensive position to await the anticipated Mexican attack. Around 3:00 PM it began to rain and the Mexican attack never materialized. Defeated, Lorencez retreated back to Orizaba. Aftermath A stunning victory for the Mexicans, against one of the best armies in the world, the Battle of Puebla cost Zaragoza 83 killed, 131 wounded, and 12 missing. For Lorencez, the failed assaults cost 462 dead, over 300 wounded, and 8 captured. Reporting his victory to Juà ¡rez , the 33-year old Zaragoza stated, The national arms have been covered with glory.† In France, the defeat was seen as a blown to the nations prestige and more troops were immediately sent to Mexico. Reinforced, the French were able to conquer most of the country and install Maximilian of Habsburg as emperor. Despite their eventual defeat, the Mexican victory at Puebla inspired a national day of celebration best known as Cinco de Mayo. In 1867, after French troops left the country, the Mexicans were able to defeat the forces of Emperor Maximilian and fully restore power to the Juà ¡rez administration.

Nursing Leadership Essay - 1219 Words

Knowledge of the job description, coupled by the performance evaluation process, builds the foundation for initial and continued employment for all employees throughout an organization. Once the job description is finalized in writing, it is required that every employee review and sign this document at initial employment and when any modifications are made. The essential functions section of the evaluation is specific to each role and is a portion of the overall performance appraisal process. These essential functions are unique to each role and are derived from the job description. To effectively evaluate nurses’ work performance, the field needs to define nurse’s work more precisely and establish smart ways of measuring the†¦show more content†¦After the initial assessment, which was completed during the ninety-day probationary period, it became obvious that although the role was to focus on nursing quality and informatics, neither could be improved without a strong clinical education department. Therefore, the role was expanded to include operational responsibility for the staff development and training department. Although this expansion was unanticipated, the overall decision was in the best interest of the organizational structure and needs. All aspects identified within the job description are performed frequently; however there are no specific clinical functions that are required of the role even after the expansion to include staff development occurred. All open positions are posted internally on the house wide electronic web-portal. 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Nursing Practice COPD

Question: Discuss about the case study Nursing Practice for COPD. Answer: Introduction: The essay is a nursing practice case study that will give detail about medical conditions and social history about the patient in the case study. From the perspective of a primary registered nurse, it will analyze the etiology of the chronic diseases in patient and the medications that the patient is taking. It will describe the initial nursing care for the patient on admission and the education related to exacerbation that the nurse has to give to the patient. The nursing care for the patient will be based on the COPD guidelines provided by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, and the competency standards set by The Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation (ANMF) and the Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines. The essay will provide detail on the recommendation by a nurse for ongoing treatment and what services help the nurse will take from the community to give adequate care to the patient. The case study is about Mrs. Betty White, a 76-year-old Italian female who has been admitted to a medical ward for acute exacerbation of her COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) following a bout of pneumonia. She was never admitted before for her condition and has no known allergies. She had a lip replacement in 1997, a gallstone surgery in 2005 and a long term ulcer on her lower leg. When she was admitted, no medical findings were done related to spirometry test, blood test, blood pressure, check, ECG, etc. She has only one son living in Melbourne who visits her thrice a year, and she lives alone utilizing community nursing services. As the patient is suffering from COPD, it is necessary to know about the etiology of the disease. COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by emphysema, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (Fletcher Dahl, 2013). The symptoms of COPD include wheeziness, tightness in chest, frequent coughing and increased breathlessness. According to (Pauwels et al., 2012), the symptoms often develop in the advanced stage of the disease. According to the clinical COPD guidelines established by the Australian Clinical Practice, it is necessary for patients with COPD to monitor the symptoms and get the spirometry test done to confirm the condition so that timely treatment could be provided (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015) According to (Joo et al., 2013), the primary cause of COPD is long-term exposure to lung irritants that damages the lungs and airways. The common irritants include cigarette smoke, cigar, second-hand smoke, etc. and environmental pollutants like chemical fumes and dust. These are the major contributing factors leading to COPD in patients (Budhiraja et al., 2015). According to the exploratory study by (Hodson Sherrington, 2014), rare genetic condition like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency also leads to the development of disease in patients even when they have never smoked or had ever been exposed to lung irritants (Fletcher Dahl, 2013). People with this condition have the low level of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the liver which causes lung damage and COPD. In very rare cases people with asthma also has a chance of developing COPD (Pauwels et al., 2012). Therefore top three factors identified in Etiology of COPD are smoking, environmental factors and Genetic factors (Hodson Sherrington, 2014). About 90% patients diagnosed with COPD were found to be smokers (Vestbo et al., 2013). The WHO has also recommended that people with COPD should also be tested for Alpha-1. However, there may be other genetic predisposition to the development of COPD (Domenech et al., 2013). Apart from COPD, she also suffers from Osteoporosis and hypertension. As per the clinical COPD guidelines provided by the "Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia", the primary care will comprise checking and monitoring the medications that Mrs. White had been taking (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). She has never been admitted to hospital before, so it is necessary to perform the required clinical tests such as lung function test, spirometry, chest CT scan, arterial and blood gas test (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). Lung function test will measure how air patient can breathe in and out. Spirometry is also a means to determine how fast one can blow out air. It will help in detecting the severity of the disease (Domenech et al., 2013). According to the guidelines of The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) related to COPD, the goal for primary care will include making Mr. White to be aware of ways of preventing bacterial, viral, bacterial, and parasiti c and lung infection (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). The next step is to manage all her medications that she has been taking for COPD, osteoporosis, hypertension, ulcer, and gallstone after hip replacement surgery (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). The patient will be explained about the procedure of spirometry and how it will be carried out. Patients with COPD face severe discomfort and embarrassment due to coughing. Therefore, a sympathetic approach to convince Mrs. White for a clinical test is needed. Once COPD is confirmed, the focus will be to provide care to the patient by marinating her vital functions and minimizing her symptoms as far as possible (Nurse Practitioner standards for practice 2016). COPD is a collective term for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Comorbidities associated with the disease include cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, osteoporosis, and depression (Hodson Sherrington, 2014). Mrs. White was an active smoker for the past 50 years smoking about three packs which are reflected in the disease severity. As per the The Australian Clinical COPD guidelines, to manage symptoms and reduce complications bronchodilators like beta 2-agonist, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines is prescribed (Nurse practitioner standards for practice 2016). This will help in relaxing her airway muscle, and Hudson mask is also used. The client will be supported to maximize her essential functions and enhance self-care, to carry out her daily life activities. Mild COPD can be treated with short-acting bronchodilators, whereas severe COPD patients will require long-term oxygen therapy or surgical intervention (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). As this is Mrs. Whites first admission for her exacerbations due to COPD, the primary care includes client education related to keeping airways clear, nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation to adjust to her condition (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). According to the ANMC competency standards she must be taught as to when to contact the GP. As exposure to environmental pollutant is the major risk factor for the disease, it will be necessary for Mrs. White to develop good infection control habits such as frequent hand washing and avoiding crowded places (Nurse practitioner standards for practice (2016). According to Domenech et al., (2013), the treatment plan of COPD patients often have to take drugs via inhalers, so it is necessary for them to know the correct sequence of each medication to maximize its efficacy and know its adverse effects. COPD patients often have to take drugs via inhalers, so it is necessary for them to know the correct sequence of each medication to maximize its efficacy and know its adverse effects. Patients should also be aware of the amount of inhalers left so that they do not run out of them when it is required in an emergency. They must be cautious while taking medicines for other ailments (Nurse practitioner standards for practice 2016). It is necessary to teach her ways to reduce or control dyspnea. She can learn techniques of pursed-lip breathing which will reduce respiration by increasing the laminar flow of expired air (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). Proper positioning exercise will also be necessary for Mrs. White. It is essential to provide training tripod positioning (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). This will involve making Mrs. White sit or stand to lean forward with support on arms, telling her to force her diaphragm down and stabiles the chest while breathing at a controlled rate. The COPD patients require training related to energy conservation techniques. Therefore, Mrs. White is advised to manage her activities by taking frequent rest, using assisting devices and dividing her activities into the small task so that it reduces the chance of dyspnea. According to The Australian Clinical COPD guidelines she will be provided nutritional guidance and monitoring hemoglobin and serum albumin levels (Lee Thomas Annie Butler, 2016). It will also be necessary for her to take frequent meals high in protein. The patient is advised to avoid any gas producing foods and to monitor her weight regularly (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). The recommendation about the ongoing treatment option for Mrs. White is pharmacological management. She has developed edema which is a serious complication of COPD. It occurs due to pulmonary hypertension meaning her blood pressure is higher than normal in heart and lungs. She is taking Coversyl medicines, and it is useful for treating high blood pressure. I will make her aware of side effects of medications like a cough, diarrhea, drowsiness, weakness, etc. (Agusti, 2014). Oxygen therapy will also be a necessary treatment for Mrs. White. This therapy will improve survival rate in hypoxemic patients. The prescription for Oxygen is determined by patient's arterial blood gas values and nocturnal desaturation rates. Oxygen therapy is delivered by liquid oxygen, compressed gas, etc. Portable oxygen concentrator will be highly beneficial for Mrs. White as it will not require her to carry oxygen (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). Another treatment option is pulmonary rehabilitation. It will reduce the disability and quality of life of Mrs. White. This multidisciplinary program is tailored according to individual patients health care needs and based on the The Australian Clinical COPD guidelines. As per the literature evidence, very few patients require surgical interventions after assessment by experienced thoracic medical and surgical team. Some need lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation (Philpott, 2015). Patients like Mrs. White will also need detailed medical and psychological assessment to prevent the chronic exacerbation of the disease (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). COPD may also have the effect on patients sleep efficiency, and intranasal oxygen administration is helpful in improving sleep patterns (Philpott, 2015). Osteoporosis is also a comorbidity associated with COPD. Mrs. White was also diagnosed with osteoporosis due to lifestyle changes, genetic factor, treatmen t with corticosteroids and impairment of skeletal muscles. Such patient has more chance of fractures, and this will lead to the economic burden of the disease (Polit Beck, 2013). The possible treatment procedures for osteoporosis will include a use of bisphosphonates, hormone replacement and calcium supplementation to prevent fracture in COPD patients (Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines", 2015). To ensure that Mrs. White get continued care even after discharge, certain health services in the community will be helpful for her. More than half of the Australian population is expected to suffer from the burden of the disease (Nordn et al., 2015). It is the fourth highest cause of death in Australia. Mrs. White may seek the option of home care services and community care in Australia to manage her complications related to COPD. The Australian Lung Foundations project better living with COPD is also a COPD national program in Australia that ensure improved quality of life for such patients (Johnston et al., 2013). It is a joint venture by COPD Respiratory Network, Clinical Practice, and Australian Lung Foundation. This program guides to patients on how to live well with a chronic lung condition and giving support to people living in remote areas too (Nordn et al., 2015). The Queensland Health is also committed to providing care to patients. Hospital and community health services i n Australia will help Mrs. White to get continued care for her condition even after discharge (Philpott, 2015). Conclusively, COPD is a major health concern in many parts of the world. Through the analysis of a case study on Australian women, Mrs. White, the essay gave detail about the etiology of the clinical conditions and the risk factors associated with the disease. It gave useful insight into the role of registered nurse in the primary care of such patients. The essay explained the key client education that nurse gives to the patient for exacerbation of COPD. It also provided detail about treatment options for Mrs. White and the help of services that she gets in the community to get continued care even after discharged. The information will be useful for patients to learn all the detail related to the diagnosis of COPD. Reference Agusti, A. (2014). The path to personalized medicine in COPD.Thorax,69(9), 857-864. Budhiraja, R., Siddiqi, T. A., Quan, S. F. (2015). Sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: etiology, impact, and management.Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,11(3), 259. Corrado, A., Renda, T., Bertini, S. (2016). Long-term oxygen therapy in COPD: evidence and open questions of current indications.Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease,73(1). Domenech, A., Puig, C., Mart, S., Santos, S., Fernndez, A., Calatayud, L., ... Liares, J. (2013). Infectious etiology of acute exacerbations in severe COPD patients.Journal of Infection,67(6), 516-523. Fletcher, M. J., Dahl, B. H. (2013). Expanding nurse practice in COPD: is it key to providing high quality, effective and safe patient care?.Primary Care Respiratory Journal,22, 230-233. Hodson, M., Sherrington, R. (2014). Treating patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Nursing Standard,29(9), 50-58. Johnston, K. N., Young, M., Grimmer, K. A., Antic, R., Frith, P. A. (2013). Barriers to, and facilitators for, referral to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients from the perspective of Australian general practitioners: a qualitative study.Primary Care Respiratory Journal,22, 319-324. Joo, M. J., Sharp, L. K., Au, D. H., Lee, T. A., Fitzgibbon, M. L. (2013). Use of spirometry in the diagnosis of COPD: a qualitative study in primary care.Copd: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,10(4), 444-449. Masala, S., Magrini, A., Taglieri, A., Nano, G., Chiaravalloti, A., Calabria, E., ... Simonetti, G. (2014). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs): improvement of pulmonary function after percutaneous vertebroplasty (VTP).European radiology,24(7), 1577-1585. Miravitlles, M., Andreu, I., Romero, Y., Sitjar, S., Alts, A., Anton, E. (2012). Difficulties in differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma in primary care.Br J Gen Pract,62(595), e68-e75. Nordn, J., Grnberg, A. M., Bosaeus, I., Forslund, H. B., Hulthn, L., Rothenberg, E., ... Slinde, F. (2015). Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD.European journal of clinical nutrition,69(2), 256-261. Pauwels, R. A., Buist, A. S., Calverley, P. M., Jenkins, C. R., Hurd, S. S. (2012). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Philpott, L. (2015). COPD: It's time to get active.AJP: The Australian Journal of Pharmacy,96(1144), 44. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2013).Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agust, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., ... Stockley, R. A. (2013). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,187(4), 347-365. Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines. (2015). Clinicalguidelines.gov.au. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.clinicalguidelines.gov.au/about Nurse practitioner standards for practice. (2016). Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx Lee Thomas, A. Annie Butler, A. (2016). Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation. Anmf.org.au. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://anmf.org.au/

Personal Epiphany free essay sample

At one point in my life the only thing that interested me were my friends. I was too busy trying to impress my friends that I screwed around in school not being academically there. I was usually getting into fights and pushing peoples buttons; I would do anything that I knew could make people mad and extremely frustrated. I was the neighborhood punk. I was normally trying to find a way to pull a prank on someone to be accepted as a cool person; being accepted by all my peers were usually my intentions at school. Being cool to me was the only thing that mattered. I wanted everyone to see me as the rebel child. Usually people look up to the disobedient children thinking them to be independent and rebellious that’s what was classified as cool to me. That’s how I wanted other people to look at me because I felt like if it would have made people look up to me or even just remember me as being the cool person. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Epiphany or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While growing up in Norwalk, California an area that to some people would think to be somewhat of a ghetto, this was not really the best route for a young teen to be going down. Freshman year I pulled a 1. 4 G. P. A. My parents had very little trust in me, they would even remind me how much they didn’t really trust me every so often, because of all the trouble I would normally be getting into. My parents absolutely hated the fact that I was the oldest out of four boys because of the bad influence I was on them, it even started to show when my younger brother had started getting into trouble every so often. Being a freshman in high school, college was never on my mind; I Gomez 2 ad told everyone that I would never go to college. Just the thought of a minimum of four years after thirteen years of school was not appealing to me; not one bit. Slowly all these actions were catching up to me. I had to think hard about what I could do to repair the damage that at the time I thought was unfixable because of all the frustration and anger I had caused my parents for the actions that I had done. In eighth grade I had a very young teacher; it was probably her fir st year ever teaching, and a horrible year at that. She is probably the meanest teacher in the world now because of all the frustration that I had put that poor woman through; Ms. Bullock was her name. Ms. Bullock in my eyes always had little to no control over the class. She was very skinny, about 5 feet 9 inches with very blonde hair; she was the most innocent looking woman in the world. Ms. Bullock was about twenty-four years old and was always really good at the teaching part of her job but once I, the classroom clown, got started fooling around the whole class would laugh and get out of control. Whenever Ms. Bullock would yell she would yell at the top of her lungs, her neck would tense up and her veins would become very distinct, appearing as if they were going to explode when she would yell. I thought she was scared of the students or something in that range because she would always threaten to expel me or send me up to the office on a referral, or something along those lines but always failed to do so. I think that by her doing that kind of reassured me that I would never get into trouble; I could always try and be that cool child that I thought everyone would look up to me for without any punishments. Nonetheless one day in her class I planned out a scheme to make all my friends laugh, all I had wanted at the time was have people look up to me and actually want to be my closer friends. I loved the idea of being the cool child that was always getting into trouble and being rebellious. I had made just about twenty paper airplanes at home one night and my parents had Gomez 3 bought me these really sensational pair of shoes that were called Heeley’s; they were these shoes that had one removable wheel on each heel of the shoe so you could glide around effortlessly with everyone’s attention. That day I had gotten into her class and I had planned just as she started her lesson I would put some paper in the fan so it could make a rather displeasing sound, I did, consequently but also to me very expectedly she had walked over to see what the trouble was. She must have forgotten that I had done that literally once a week if not more but each time she would yell at me and go see the problem. As she went over to the fan in the front corner of the room I had gotten up with the wheels in my shoes and the airplanes in my hand ready to go. I tossed each and every airplane individually, one-by-one, and skated around the classroom, everyone in the classroom had busted out with laughter and even a couple of kids in my class had started following along. It was hilarious, Ms. Bullock started chasing me around the classroom yelling â€Å"This is the last straw, I’ve had it with you kid! † Finally I just made my way to the door because I knew the â€Å"Wait for me outside† would be coming and I was thinking it she had said it, loud. Everyone continued to laugh, that made me feel great. This was the first time Ms. Bullock had ever gone according to her word. She had sent me to the office after a thirty-minute lecture about how bad of a kid I was and how I needed to get my act together but it didn’t bother me one bit. When I go t to the office that day the vice principal said my name and then said â€Å"Luis what happened this time? † I replied â€Å"doesn’t the referral tell you what I did? † she gave me a rotten look and said â€Å"This time I hope you know your getting suspended†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and so on. Teachers would typically go on about how I needed to change my ways. So I was suspended for another three days on the top of the countless days I had gotten into trouble before this certain occasion; for example fighting, getting people as frustrated as I could, talking back to teachers and using profane language to much. This just lead to my parents losing that much more trust in me, and Gomez 4 every time I would get into trouble they would ask â€Å"When the hell are going to grow up Luis†. Finally people had started to see me as the rebellious child that everyone at one point in their lives had wanted to be also being known as the cool child in a group of friends. I took the remainder of the year with Ms. Bullock as a huge joke. I always did just the right amount of work to get by. The next year is when I started my freshman year at John Glenn High School in the city of Norwalk. This year was horrible I passed my first semester with a couple F’s and a few D’s while hanging around with all these cool people that I wanted to be exactly like. I got into some bad habit with my friends and I was going nowhere with that particular crowd. Nonetheless I was signed up for Wrestling; I was the starting Junior Varsity 119 pound weight class as a freshman, this didn’t help much because my friends on the team would go light a bowl right after or even sometimes before practice. Although with my 1. 4 G. P. A. I was not even supposed to be on the team, but of course I had forged a letter that I had to get the principal to sign and say it was okay for me to Wrestle on the team that low of a grade point average. Until this day I have no idea how I got away with that, but I did. I continued to wrestle that year, finishing the season off. One day my parents had gotten this progress report in the mail and they were just fed up with this route I was taking; by this time I had straight D-‘s straight down the line for every single one of my academic classes. My parents then had started threatening me â€Å"Something has to change Luis †¦ something is going to change in your life, Luis. † Growing up in the city of Norwalk there was never really talk about college from the schools and all my friends’ parents either lived in run down apartments or in theses tiny little houses. There were even a bunch of my friends’ parents that were not even here legally or did Gomez 5 not even finish high school if they were. Each time I would ask what their parents did for a living they would reply that their parents worked at grocery stores or at some low-income job. Not that it was a bad thing but there was never really talk of college while I was growing up. No one ever cared about that stuff. Even while I was in high school I never heard anyone talk about anything near a successful future. In accordance to all the other kids I hung out with I myself just hoped to get out of high school with a diploma. I hoped this because I wanted to be like everyone else around me I never wanted to over achieve. My parents had never raised me to be like that because they themselves came from really bad childhoods moving out when they were seventeen. I thought this for other reasons I wanted to be a punk child, the funny guy that everyone always liked in high school, I wanted to follow the tracks that the cool teens from previous years had made. One day, getting home from school my parents said â€Å"You better say bye to all your friends because we bid on a house and the bid got accepted. † I was astonished because there was never even talk about moving out of my home. This came out of literally nowhere to me, I even thought they were lying to me at first so I just went to my room. The next day my mother had reassured me that we were leaving so I was of course extremely upset and did not even know what to say about it all. I had lived in that same house in Norwalk since I was three years old and moved out at the age of fifteen years old; hat was the only house that I had ever known. I was soo angry. In spite of them surprising me with that information I was getting into more and more trouble. Countless more referrals to the office and a few more fights, my parents had basically lost hope in me, from what I would hear from them. I had sensed that this move was the last shot that they were going to put forth with me; t his was close to the final attempt they would make Gomez 6 but in my head I didn’t care; I cared about those friends that I had grown up with and looked up to all those years. Finally we had moved; we moved right after the last day of school my freshman year. We moved to this city, that I had never heard of, named Yorba Linda and my parents informed me that I was going to a high school named Esperanza. My first year at Esperanza I signed up for the Wrestling team and had got somewhat descent grades due to the fact that I did not have any cool friends to impress or try to live up to or be like. I kept to myself normally and just talked decently to some of the nicer people in my classes. I did not go out at all my sophomore year unless it was for a tournament for wrestling or something like that. I started to realize that everyone I had spoken to had a drive, some sort of drive to achieve a certain goal or to get to a certain school that they wanted to do or go to. I myself started to think about what I could do with my life but in spite of my parents moving me away from home I would say, â€Å"I’m not changing my mind! I still do not want to go to college no matter what you say or where you move me. † Which made my parents yell and ground me even more but at the time all I wanted was revenge. Continuing to go to Esperanza I kept on thinking about the way I had always tied to impress everyone else, doing things to make them laugh and wanting them to want to be my friends. For them to somewhat approve of me; I was normally trying to impress them in any tangible way that I could. I always would try and follow the lead of someone else; someone cooler then me, someone that got all the girls, someone who had all the friends, someone well-known and well liked and someone everyone wanted to be and looked up to. I now realize how much of a fool I was. My junior year at Esperanza I had opened up more, caring less of what people thought about me, or trying to impress them but just trying to have them like me for me. On top of that I Gomez 7 was performing decently in school and actually setting goals for my future. I told myself I wanted to be a Police Officer and went against my word and planned on signing up for some College classes. Being a rebel and trying to impress everyone else is not what really matters it’s yourself that you should be trying to impress. Pursuing a career in being a Police Officer would require impressing myself and it would also require some leadership qualities. I was always one step behind, trying to keep up with the person in front or make those people in front notice me. Finally my role was reversed; senior year of high school I was captain of the wrestling team. I believe that the countless long talks with my parents, teachers, family, coaches, peers and friends pushed me to achieve what I did. I now have great friends that like me for me and not for being the trouble making cool person. I now like to think to only impress myself as much as I can.

Data Collection and Analysis With a Real Teacher

Data Collection and Analysis With a Real Teacher Data analysis is an important aspect of a research after data has been collected from a project. Collection of data before and after the project reveals the outcomes of the inputs given to the project. May first collected data from a student who was his new assistant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Data Collection and Analysis With a Real Teacher-Researcher specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This student was part of tier three plan that helped students focus on the importance of the project. The student’s role in the project was to collect data that would help May find out important information regarding his teaching and behavior that had been going on in the classroom. One of the methods that can be used to collect data is triangulation. In this approach, multiple sources of data collected are used to narrow down to the information required so as to make a strong research project (Dana and Yendol, 2009). Infor mation collected at different lengths of time is analyzed so that a particular pattern is observed. This is a characteristic of triangulation, implying that it analyzes data that was collected at different times (Swenson, 2007). The student, who collected information at different time intervals and recorded them, gave May important information that helped her draw a plan. The four findings of the report were directly related to issues that May was to address in Class. The findings of the first report revealed that students at one time abandoned their tasks when the teacher left the classroom for a short time. Among the main issues that May will discuss is this scenario. According to normal routines of the school, when a teacher goes out of a lesson for a short time, student should continue writing down their agenda in preparation for the next class. This issue concerns procedure that ought to be addressed. When collection of data progresses, majority of the students begin to partici pate actively rather than being passive, hence, helping them become motivated and part of the project. In addition, the report reveals that some students sit at the back of the classroom. These students usually talk a lot while in class hence creating an uneasy atmosphere in the classroom.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students suggested to May to rearrange the seating positions in a manner that those seating behind and that are believed to be noise makers will be seated in front. To demonstrate this, May moved one of the students as they had suggested in order observe how it would work. Due to the fact that the student assistant was responsible with her work, she took the responsibility of helping May in coming up with a solution that would help solve the problem of uneasy classroom. The data collected showed progress that was made each week, while the findings by the stu dent were helpful for May to create a plan and formulate strategies that would be needed throughout the research. From the findings, students continuously became engaged in their work every passing week of the study and that they had interest in the lessons they were learning. They begun working as a group so as to meet the goals they had set. From Mays’ graphs, you can observe steady progress in class participation. The visual graph that May gave his students to track their progress gave them ownership in the project (McDaniel R., 2009). According to Robin McDaniel (2009), students of these days are used to hands on learning because it gives them ownership of the project which in turn helps them stay engaged. Giving students challenges encourages them to look for solutions of problems given to them. When visual clues are used, they remain on track and are informed of their progress in every step. From the information given by the assistant student and graphs of students, May would set new goals though, I would suggest that she challenges the students to complete their agendas and be ready to work within a short time than before. Together as a group, the students would be willing to accomplish the new goal within a short time. I would also consider setting up a good atmosphere in the classroom. I would give the students an opportunity to design goals that are attainable and use charts to create visual reinforcements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Data Collection and Analysis With a Real Teacher-Researcher specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another group to be observed was the tier groups given to some students in May’s class. They were each given a tracking chart to help them stay on track with others in class. Although the two students made progress Leah’s progress was steady compared to Anthony as they struggled to meet goals set for them. Leah had an easy time meeting t he goals with little effort. I believe that Leah should be moved gradually to tier one group while Antony should continue with his individual goal sheet and personal graph. His goals should be increased in small increments so as to achieve success on a daily basis. Another approach that May can use to enable students succeed is by appointing two teacher assistants. Using them more responsibly would give them personal challenges to work hard as well as meet classroom goals. This would enable students struggle to meet their set individual goals thereby, enabling them stay focused in class. The most critical part of a project is the outcome. Whether the strategies that were used are successful or not does not matter, what matters is the fact that the a research project was completed and that there was an outcome. The outcome can then be shared with other professionals. If your research produces results that are helpful to the school or district, then your information should be shared w ith other professionals that you work with. Ethically, one should share his or her research findings in order to get divergent views and observations from others. Sharing of work has been likened to a stagnant pond. Change can be created in such a pond by triggering ripples in the water (Dana and Yendol, 2009). The best approach to use when sharing this information is by sharing it with colleagues at a professional development session. Power point slide presentation is the best way to present your information to such an audience. Your presentation should be structured in a manner that it shows the progress of the research project from initial stages to the final stages. Start from questions that led you to conduct the research, explanations and respond to questions from the audience (Walden University, 2011).. From the discussions, you would get varied observations that would strengthen you research findings.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although I might not give a perfect presentation because of fear, this would be a good way to begin or start a school calendar year. That is, seeing professionals talk about how to change stagnant policies that have been unattended for many years. In that regard, I believe that research projects can be used to adequately prepare students to meet challenges of the outside world. References Dana, N. F., Yendol, D. (2009). The reflective educator’s guide to classroom  research: Learning to teach and teaching to learn through practitioner inquiry  (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. McDaniel, P. (2009). How to Create Engagement in the Classroom. EHow Demand Media, Inc. Retrieved from https://classroom.synonym.com/ensure-students-engaged-classroom-7702283.html Swenson, M. (2007). Triangulation: A Transcendental Process. Interpretive Leadership. Web. Walden University (2011). A case study: Living the process of inquiry with a real teacher-researcher study. Web.

How and When Pregnancy Tests Work

How and When Pregnancy Tests Work Pregnancy tests rely on the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein that is secreted by the placenta shortly after fertilization. The placenta begins developing after the fertilized egg implants in a womans uterus, which happens about six days after conception, so the earliest these tests can be used to detect pregnancy is about six days post-conception. Wait to Take Test Fertilization does not necessarily take place the same day as intercourse, so most women are advised to wait until they miss their period before trying a pregnancy test. Levels of hCG double about every two days in a pregnant woman, so the test increases in reliability over time The tests work by binding the hCG hormone, from either blood or urine to an antibody and an indicator. The antibody will bind only to hCG; other hormones will not give a positive test result. The usual indicator is a pigment molecule, present in a line across a home pregnancy urine test. Highly sensitive tests could use a fluorescent or radioactive molecule attached to the antibody, but these methods are unnecessary for an over-the-counter diagnostic test. The tests available  over-the-counter versus those obtained those at the doctors office are the same. The primary difference is the decreased chance of user error by a trained technician. Blood tests are equally sensitive at any time. Urine tests tend to be most sensitive using urine from early morning, which tends to be more concentrated (meaning it would have the highest levels of hCG.) False Positives and Negatives Most medications, including birth control pills and antibiotics, do not affect the results of pregnancy tests. Alcohol and illegal drugs do not affect the test results either. The only drugs that can cause a false positive are those containing the pregnancy hormone hCG in them (usually used for treating infertility.) Some tissues in a non-pregnant woman can produce hCG, but the levels are normally too low to be within the detectable range of the tests. Also, about half of all conceptions dont proceed to pregnancy, so there may be chemical positives for a pregnancy that wont progress. For some urine tests, evaporation may form a line that could be interpreted as a positive. This is why tests have a time limit for examining the results. Its untrue that urine from a man will give a positive test result. Although the level of hCG rises over time for a pregnant woman, the quantity of hCG produced in one woman is different from the amount produced in another. This means some women may not have enough hCG in their urine or blood at six days post-conception to see a positive test result. All tests on the market should be sensitive enough to give a highly accurate result (~97%-99%) by the time a woman misses her period.

The Policy Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Policy Process - Essay Example (Sidlow et al. 2010, pp. 345) With these variables in mind, the policy process is easily understood to present a multidimensional challenge involving numerous realities. As a result, policymakers become prone to errors because of these variables are misrepresented and, hence, misunderstood. The Policymaking Process Even when confined to public policymaking, the issue of policy is still too general. That is why this paper will further contract the topic into specific policy areas: those that are currently prioritized in the United Kingdom. Identifying these policy areas are important because they are fundamental in citing the relevant policy process to be investigated and further clarifying the discussion into context. Foreign policy, economic policy, EU policy and security policy are all formulated in Britain through several institutions within the Westminster System. In addition, they include not just the polity but also the citizens, the media, among other players. To demonstrate t his, the case of foreign policy process will be cited. There are four stages in the foreign policy making in the UK. The first is the so-called articulation or initiation stage wherein stakeholders like concerned citizens and individuals successfully bring an issue into the attention of the policymakers. For example, there is the case of the 1,500 or so motorcyclists who effectively grabbed the attention of the media with regards to a proposed European Union laws on bikers. (BBC 2011) This demonstrated how individuals or groups such non governmental organizations could demand and initiate a foreign policy agenda. This was what happened in the past when several national interest groups in Britain joined with others from several European countries in their â€Å"big-bang strategy† that eventually helped facilitate the EU enlargement. Interest groups from nine European countries participated in this strategy and that hey came to be called as the Vilnius group or the â€Å"big b ang group† who vigorously campaigned for a broad multistate accession. (Assenova 2003, pp. 16) The second stage involved the actual policy formulation, which would already involve the governmental policy process as bureaucratic agencies begin crafting and passing the policy. Countries like the UK and the US have given their respective executive departments the power to formulate foreign policy. This is also true in the case of economic and security issues. The implementation of the policy is considered as the third stage in the process. According to Smith and Dunne (2008, pp. 383), this is the most understated but important area since it â€Å"describes the agencies and individuals charged with carrying out the policy† and that â€Å"often, the final outcome is very different from the intent of the legislation.† Finally, the last stage of the foreign policymaking process is called the evaluation stage. This is the time when â€Å"parliamentary committees, specia l commissions, government ombudsmen, or watchdog groups review the policy process and policy outcomes and makes recommendations to stay the course or change.† (Smith and Dunne, pp. 383) The above policy process is roughly the same across all policy areas, although they involved some changes in the governmental agencies involved. Explaining this process becomes

Guest Speaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Guest Speaker - Essay Example Martin. One of the primary weaknesses of the speech was the speakers delivery of his address. It was not enthusiastic enough and it infected his audience to feel the same lukewarm reception and involvement throughout the exercise. It appears like Martin - in his outline of his life, his causes, personal crusades, problems and triumphs feels disconnected from his lifes narrative. He was like reciting a life story of another person. He delivered each bit of information in a monotonous way, as if reading from a book and not from personal memory. It became hard to catch an emotion like sadness or righteous indignation when he found that his community lacked infrastructures like decent sidewalks or safe parks for the children, for instance; or, joy for crucial moments such as the several turning points of his career and for admiration of the people he looked up to and have shaped his growth as a person. It was an unfeeling way to deliver a narrative that actually talks about the speakers own lif e. It is easy to conclude that Martin is merely going through the motions of being a speaker. He merely played his role by saying his piece and that was it. There should have been some effort at engaging his audience as well. He should have taken time doing some research about those people sitting and listening to his message, and integrated the information in the way he shared his life experiences. It could have given him enough empathy in order to say what are relevant, what are useful and what are interesting to the audience. Of course, he was invited as a guest speaker in order for him to talk about what he has done with his life. So it is the audience duty to pay attention and learn whatever piece of information and wisdom being imparted. However, I believe that a speaker has this rare opportunity given to him to inspire people. Martin was given a platform in order to deliver a message and people are willing to listen. He should have asked himself prior to his

Your Guilty, Romeo! Essay Example for Free

Your Guilty, Romeo! Essay If it werent for Romeo’s actions, both he and Juliet would have never fallen in love, and never ended up taking their own lives. Romeo is most at fault for his death and the death of Juliet because Romeo should have listened to Friar Lawrence. He should not have fallen in love with Juliet so easily, and he should have respected the feud between the two families and stayed away from the Capulets. Throughout the whole story, Friar Lawrence holds some responsibility for the tragedy of the couple like when he marries the two of them knowing that they have only known each other for a short time. However, his intentions of marrying Romeo and Juliet were to bring the families together and he even warns Romeo that his decision may be too rash when he says, â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends.† (2.6, 9) The Friar warns Romeo that his rapidly growing emotional love for Juliet may have a sudden end meaning that maybe he should take the marriage slow; however, Romeo pushes on for the marriage to happen. This proves Romeo is at fault because he ignored the advice of Friar Lawrence, who is much wiser than him, and knew what was best for both Romeo and Juliet. Romeo falls in love too easily and if he took things slower, he and Juliet would have never married. A few days after Romeo and Juliet meet, Lord and Lady Capulet tell Juliet that she has to marry Paris. If Romeo would not have fallen in love so quickly he and Juliet could have taken things slower, that way when Juliet got the news she had to marry Paris, she would not have went to see Friar Lawrence to get the potion to make her fall asleep, so that her and Romeo could be together. This proves Romeo is responsible because Juliet said she didnt want to get married unless Romeo truly loved her, and if Romeo said he wanted to slow down, he and Juliet would have never married, and ultimately never commited suicide. Romeo did not respect his family or the feud that his family had with the Capulets. He should not have gone anywhere near any members of the Capulet family. The Capulets and the Montagues have hated each other for many years prior to Romeo and Juliet meeting. If Romeo would have respected this feud and never attended the Capulet party he would have never met Juliet and they would both have lived out their lives, never having killed themselves. We know this because it is at the Capulet party when Romeo and Juliet meet. We know of the feud between the families because of the fights that occur throughout the book. In  conclusion, if Romeo would have listened to Friar Lawrence, did not fall in love so quickly and easily, and had respected his family and their feud with the Capulets, he and Juliet would never have met, never would have fallen in love, and in the end, never would have committed suicide. For these reasons, Romeo is the most responsible for the deaths of both he and Juliet.

Discuss Some Of The Main Ideas Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sigmund Freud considered himself a scientist whose intention was to find a physiological and materialist basis for his theories of the psyche. Freud revolutionised the way in which we think about ourselves. From its beginnings as a theory of neurosis, Freud founded and developed psychoanalysis into a general psychology, which became widely accepted as the predominant mode of discussing personality, behaviour and interpersonal relationships. Freud, who had been studying neuropathology, left Vienna in 1885 to continue his studies in Paris under the guidance of Jean Martin Charcot. This proved to be the turning point in his career, for Charcot’s work with patients classified as â€Å"hysterics† introduced Freud to the possibility that psychological disorders might have their source in the mind rather than the brain. Charcot’s hypnotic experiments demonstrated the link between hysterical symptoms such as paralysis of a limb and hypnotic suggestions to cure the paralysis. Although Freud later abandoned his faith in hypnosis, hypnotic experiments taught Freud that mental processes that took place unconsciously could have a powerful effect on behaviour. It was Freud who drew our attention to the unconscious mind. If we liken the mind to an iceberg, the nine tenths below the surface is the unconscious in which there are many mental processes going on that we have little control of. Our conscious mind is above the surface; it is what we are fully aware of and contains our perception, thought and memory. Freud also spoke of the preconscious which might include material put out of our conscious mind but which may be retrievable. Freudian psychoanalytical theory states that there are three agencies of the human personality. Below the surface is our â€Å"id†, these are our social and biological instincts such as hunger, thirst and self-preservation. The id seeks outlet in the pleasure principal with no regard to reality. It is our awareness of the outside world, our memory, perception and learning. The â€Å"Ego† develops to harmonise the impulses of the id with the demands of reality. It is our awareness of the outside world, our memory, perception and learning. The â€Å"super ego† develops later in varying degrees. It is like a conscience and brings in values and morals from parents and society and enables us to feel guilt. Freud grouped together ego and sexual instincts calling ... ...iar to most of us today. Psychoanalysis is a term that Freud coined in 1896. As a therapist he used mental rather than physical means to achieve behavioural or attitudinal change. One of Freud’s greatest achievements was his capacity to stimulate the creativity of others and his ideas have been developed by his many followers. Where Freud was perhaps wrong was in making psychosexual development so central that all other forms of social and emotional development were conceived as being derived from it. However, despite repeated criticism and attempted refutations of Freud’s work, his ideas remained powerful well after his death and the general way in which psychoanalysis and other forms of psychotherapy are conducted is still based on Freud’s procedure, and remains one of his most enduring legacies. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Storr A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Freud†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oxford University Press Stevens R  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1994  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Freud and Psychoanalysis†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Open University Press

Music Has Lost Its Meaning

Back in the day a performance qualified as someone walking on stage and bearing their soul. It was about the music, and it was about the talent. Now an artist qualifies as someone who is so bizarre, so outgoing, so appealing they can sell anything. Lately the music industry has been lacking in real talent. Many artists are truly talented, that goes without saying. But this talent tends to be hidden because of the glamour and popularity of their appearance. The reason why certain artistes are so widely popular despite their lack of talent is because they appeal to the masses.Lady Gaga is someone who has entered the world of pop culture and has taken it by storm. Behind all the crazy makeup and fashion choices, Gaga has raw talent. She can actually sing, and her songs are Gaga original. But people don’t see Gaga for her vocals; they see the overexposure. Justin Bieber has found a way to go from a small town boy to one of America’s heartthrobs. Bieber is so widely known an d is selling out show after show because he appeals to the younger generation. It doesn’t matter whether he can sing or not. If the masses find him attractive, he will find a way to stay famous.It’s a popularity contest, and he is one of the winners. Now an artist is all about the hype. The music is lost behind all the glitz and glam. No one notices what an artist is trying to say when they’re distracted by fire and lights and the bizarre. It is entertaining, no doubt about that. It’s fun to see people suspended in midair doing flips, and it’s fun see people jump through flaming hoops. But where’s the music? Where are the lyrics? Where’s the heart? The definition of a musical artist has evolved and changed. Now it is not about the music, just the appearance. It is not about the talent, just the entertainment value.The music industry has lost most of its credibility and needs to find a way back to when it was about the feeling and the words, to when lyrics meant something and were not just random ideas strung together nonsensically. That was when music was the greatest it has ever been. First, you should orient yourself with a marketing term known as â€Å"positioning†. That will help to understand how products & styles get pigeonholed or stuck into a way of being perceived by the general public. Fundamentally, rap is very lyric dense poetry in tight syncopation with a rhythm. Like spoken word that rhymes, with a percussion track.So, lyrics can be about ANY subject. However, due to rap's typical lyric subject matter, based on the culture of those who started it, rap has position in society. Because of this position, it's difficult to create lyrical themes for rap that deal with other cultures or genres. Commercialism does manage to do this, however, this is the point where we wonder if an artform has lost its meaning. In other words, when McDonalds, Ford, Mountain Dew and Coors Light commercials include ho t guitar solos or hot hip hop grooves with lyrics merely selling a product, it's hard to maintain a special place in your soul for the genre.It's also hard for the artists themselves to feel good about their style, when they could be sounding just like another burger commercial. This is why things cycle out and new things have to come in. The advertising agencies never start artforms. They pick up what the people have their attention on and try to piggyback their junk food, clothing lines, cars, soft drinks– whatever onto anything that will give their stuff the same attention. Then they will sell more. Any â€Å"popular† form of communication art, is subject to exploitation. Then, you have to move onward, if you are depending upon communication arts to help you get meaning from life.So, obviously this isn't simply about rap. Every genre is in the same boat. Artists have to out-create and stay ahead of the commercialism in order to stay sane and maintain meaning. The go od news is that artists do keep creating. You just have to keep up with who the real ones are. Check out the real music magazines (not the lifestyle ; fashion ones). Find out who the artists are listening to and who they like. Skip the critics, because they often represent the commercial side. Serious rap artists have to stay ahead in order to survive and keep the meaning in rap.If they sell out, rap just becomes a product that people grow bored with. First, you should orient yourself with a marketing term known as â€Å"positioning†. That will help to understand how products ; styles get pigeonholed or stuck into a way of being perceived by the general public. Fundamentally, rap is very lyric dense poetry in tight syncopation with a rhythm. Like spoken word that rhymes, with a percussion track. So, lyrics can be about ANY subject. However, due to rap's typical lyric subject matter, based on the culture of those who started it, rap has position in society.Because of this posi tion, it's difficult to create lyrical themes for rap that deal with other cultures or genres. Commercialism does manage to do this, however, this is the point where we wonder if an artform has lost its meaning. In other words, when McDonalds, Ford, Mountain Dew and Coors Light commercials include hot guitar solos or hot hip hop grooves with lyrics merely selling a product, it's hard to maintain a special place in your soul for the genre. It's also hard for the artists themselves to feel good about their style, when they could be sounding just like another burger commercial.This is why things cycle out and new things have to come in. The advertising agencies never start artforms. They pick up what the people have their attention on and try to piggyback their junk food, clothing lines, cars, soft drinks– whatever onto anything that will give their stuff the same attention. Then they will sell more. Any â€Å"popular† form of communication art, is subject to exploitation . Then, you have to move onward, if you are depending upon communication arts to help you get meaning from life. So, obviously this isn't simply about rap. Every genre is in the same boat.Artists have to out-create and stay ahead of the commercialism in order to stay sane and maintain meaning. The good news is that artists do keep creating. You just have to keep up with who the real ones are. Check out the real music magazines (not the lifestyle ; fashion ones). Find out who the artists are listening to and who they like. Skip the critics, because they often represent the commercial side. Serious rap artists have to stay ahead in order to survive and keep the meaning in rap. If they sell out, rap just becomes a product that people grow bored with.

Cpk Case Essay

California Pizza Kitchen, Inc. (CPK) is a United States based dining restaurants chain. The company primarily offers a mixture of assortments of hearth-baked pizzas, a wide variety of unique appetizers, desserts, pastas, salads, soups and sandwiches. CPK operates across more than 253 locations in 32 states, the District of Columbia and 10 foreign countries. It owns 205 and 48 franchised restaurants across the world and is headquartered at Dover, Delaware. An external analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen reveals several challenges facing the business: Political, economical, social and technological changes to be specific. CPK’s communication strategy focuses on marketing the California Pizza Kitchen brand through many creative and non-traditional avenues. As one of the pioneers of premium pizza, they continue to benefit from national media attention featuring their co-founders and co-CEOs, Richard Rosenfield and Larry Flax, this is believed to provide CPK with a noteworthy competitive advantage. New restaurant openings, high-profile fundraisers and media events currently serve as the focal point of their public relations and media outreach efforts. As early as 2009 CPK landed a sponsorship agreement with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and the Los Angeles Kings to promote California Pizza Kitchen at Angel Stadium and STAPLES Center, respectively. In the same year their public relations efforts led to coverage on a national level in various outlets including the Business Week Magazine, ESPN the Magazine, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, The View, FOX National News and CNBC Power Lunch. CPK’s objective is to expand its leadership position in the restaurant and premium pizza market by selling original, high quality pizzas in addition to creative salads, distinctive pastas and related products and by providing extraordinary customer service, thus building a high degree of customer loyalty, brand awareness and superior returns for stockholders. To reach these objectives, CPK plan to increase the market share by expanding their restaurant base in new and existing markets, leveraging their partnerships in non-traditional and retail channels and offering inventive menu items. CPK is pursuing a disciplined growth strategy that, to be successful, depends on the ability and the ability of franchisees and licensees to open new restaurants and to operate these new restaurants on a profitable basis. Successful growth depends on numerous factors including: the hiring, training and retention of qualified working ersonnel, especially managers; competition for restaurant sites; negotiation of favorable lease terms; timely development of new restaurants, including the availability of construction materials and labor; management of construction and development costs of new restaurants; securing required governmental approvals and permits; competition in our markets; and general economic conditions

4 Business Writing Lessons from Steve Jobs

4 Business Writing Lessons from Steve Jobs Visionary Steve Jobs passed away yesterday from the same illness that took my father. I've long admired Steve Jobs' vision and passion and creativity, and already today I've used my iPhone and iPad, and I'm writing this with my MacBook. He allowed mere mortals, like me, to embrace the amazing daily integration and freedom of accessible technology, and in the process changed the way we all work and communicate. Because of my father's battle with pancreatic cancer, I've known what Steve Jobs was battling these past few years, and my admiration for him grew. He clearly focused his creativity even more intensely during this precious time. And, when it was time to let go of Apple, he did. To me, Steve has demonstrated the four most important aspects for social and business growth, and for good business writing: Understanding of goals and purposeApple created products that improved productivity and connection in work and life, by simplifying and integrating. And, that goal continued to burn, with passion, as possibilities and technologies evolved. The focus was on the end-user, always. Good writing mirrors this. A document needs to meet your reader's needs. The creative process of writing belongs to the writer, but ultimately, the goal is always to enable the reader to know or do something better. UsefulnessApple has such devotees (me included) because the products integrate so beautifully, making communication flow better.Too often in writing, we create murky communication flows and over-complicate structures. A report, an email, a proposal all need to serve a real and clear purpose. ClarityApple's designs are simple and clean and functional. I learned only last night that this inspiration came from caligraphy classes early on in Steve Job's education.One of my favorite quotes about writing is from Blaise Pascal:"I'm sorry for the length of this letter. I did not have time to make it shorter." Clarity requires work and sharp honing. Integrity Steve Jobs was notoriously demanding. But, this was fueled by the desire to create something of excellence.Business writing is the most interesting form of rhetoric to me, because it is constantly evolving. I am so heartened by the evolution towards clarity and authenticity in business writing. Business-speak, and inscrutability, is fading. We now should "write to express, not to impress." Human to human connection awareness is increasing in business writing. Thank you, Steve Jobs, for making my work and communication flow better, and for the inspiration. I love your products, and admired your creativity and passion. Rest in peace.

A Guide to Disciplinary Probation

A Guide to Disciplinary Probation Disciplinary probation is the term many schools use to indicate a student or student organization has engaged in unacceptable behavior, according to an institutions student handbook or code of conduct. This is also known as college probation, probation, or a probation warning but is different than academic probation. Schools often let students or student organizations on disciplinary probation remain at the school during a probationary period, as opposed to suspending or expelling them. How to Respond to Probation If youve been placed on probation, its important to be very clear on 1) what caused your probation, 2) how long your probation will last, 3) what you need to do to get off of probation, and 4) what happens if you break your probation rules. Ideally, your school will provide all this information when your school notifies you about being placed on probation, as well as whom to contact with any questions. Additionally, its important to make sure you find positive support systems and stay away from situations that might, even by chance, lead you to a probation violation. Disciplinary probation often requires students to remain free from any kind of disciplinary trouble during a predetermined time period. For example, a student on probation for violating residence hall rules must not have any other disciplinary problems in the hall. If that student violates their probation, they may face more severe consequences, like suspension or expulsion, which can hinder progress toward graduation. In the case of an organization on probation, the school may further restrict its activities, cut off its funding, or force it to disband if the group violates probation. Probationary periods can be anything from a few weeks to an entire semester or academic year. Impact on Transcripts Policies vary by school, but your disciplinary probation could show up on your transcript. As a result, your probation could have an effect on any future activity that requires you to present your transcript, like if youre transferring to a different college or applying to graduate school. Youll want to check with your school, but in many cases, the probation note will only show up on your transcript during your probation period. If you make it through probation without violating its terms, the note should be removed. However, if probation leads to suspension or expulsion, its likely to remain a permanent part of your transcript. Can I Get out of Probation? Again, youd need to check your schools policies, but if you feel you dont deserve to be put on disciplinary probation, you may be able to fight it. See if theres a way to appeal the decision. If thats not an option, ask if theres anything you can do to shorten the probationary period. Beyond that, your best course of action may be to ride out the probation period with patience and good behavior. Once youve done whats required of your probation terms, your transcript will likely show no record of it. Of course, just because its not on your transcript doesnt mean your school forgets about it. You probably have a disciplinary record, as well, so youll want to avoid getting in trouble again, because you may face harsher consequences the next time youre cited for unacceptable behavior.

Product & pricing (marketing management) Case Study

Product & pricing (marketing management) - Case Study Example TiVo managements, now spearheading a brand new sector of entertainment industry, did a lot on market development which involves marketing existing products, in this case services in new markets. In some degree product development was used but on a limited scale. Perhaps a lot of work on research and development made both market development and diversification attainable. Also in the area of diversification of TiVo services, there were a few brand names to take care of different sets of customers which new market strategy of Ansoff's growth model seeks to explain. More so, 0.04% penetration rate is abysmally low largely due to lack of awareness on the part of customers. A very good indicator, current quarterly subscribers of 14,000, needs to be sustained while means are to be devised through appropriate marketing channels to increase this number in the near future. Concerning product life cycle, one is of the belief that TiVo is still in its introduction stage - infancy probably heading to growth stage. A period of one year or thereabout cannot be safely considered to be in full growth or maturity or have dominating influence on the market. The net loss increasing progressively as shown on exhibit 3 tends to suggest that management must remodel and refocus its strategies in order to remain profitable. Frankly speaking, since the project is still in introduction stage, it will make economic sense if they could focus on TiVo's long-term prospects. Market Attractiveness As said earlier, TiVo has a cutting-edge technology that can impact greatly the entertainment industry if professional inputs are sought on most policy decisions. The market is really vast but the problems TiVo has include inability to relay what it can offer the public and tendency for the very marketers (including columnist) hired to promote the services end up confusing and dispelling customers. Also the model adopted by the co-founders and management are imperfect, this reflects in pricing policy, branding and marketing techniques. TiVo is highly innovative by featuring qualities like pause, fast-forward, rewind, play and record. Conventional TV can not boost of these qualities let alone recording in basic, medium, high and best modes. Important point about this innovative strength is that for TiVo to sell there is need to reach out to customers and let them understand TiVo's value proposition. New Product Development Process New product development process seems to be lacking or non-existent; diversification, an integral component of Ansoff's Growth Matrix requires that products or services be branded (segmented) to satisfy different customers. Differentiating TiVo's service from recording with different prices is one but inadequate service segmentation. Management should think of bundling different services into TiVo like gaming. A close study of customer's preferences for programmes can be another big clue. Brand Positioning Furthermore, TiVo branding has a huge price differential between the two main recording services defeating the whole essence of branding. Charging $499 for a black box for a 14-hour recording and $999 for the same black box and 30 hours of recording is disproportionately high. To make TiVo more attractive, more brands need to be created perhaps to keep competitors at bay even when partnering with

Reflect on your learning experiences during the semester Essay - 1

Reflect on your learning experiences during the semester - Essay Example That is why on my first week I am very excited in immersing myself in a university learning setup. However even from the start I had trouble balancing work and university life. My busy schedule in my work had given me very limited time in my studies. From the start I have doubts on whether I can fully absorb what the instructor is teaching. Also, knowing my tendency to jump into any activity without clearly thinking on the possible loopholes and disadvantages in embarking on this undertaking has intensified my fear that I might have wrongfully chosen the course that I enrolled in. I also felt that I might fail to observe and reflect on the inputs that I should have received. Kolb and Fry’s Experiential Learning theory provides a clear strategy on how to fully immerse myself into the lessons that I really want to learn. It is a learning cycle that starts from one’s concrete immersion to the knowledge and skills that I want to learn. After one’s immersion, a person should observe and reflect on the stimuli that he received. This time, his analytical mind should work to pick up the loopholes and the flaws in learning the skills. The holistic mind accumulates these loopholes and mistakes. It will then use these in laying down fresh guidelines in performing things. Practical testing of one’s newly ratified procedures in carrying out things is the last part of the cycle. This will continue to a lifetime upward cycle of personal renewal and development until a person actualizes his fullest potential. I realized in the second week in this course that there are several theories on how an individual learn individually and in an organizational setup. From sensory stimulation, reinforcement theories to experiential and adult learning, numerous learning theories, I have learned in a brief amount of time the explanations done by psychologists that lay down why and

Auditing- report of the real good food Assignment

Auditing- report of the real good food - Assignment Example Real Good Food PLC is a heavily diversified company that manufactures and distributes a variety of products like sugar, baking ingredients, dairy products, jam and sweet bakery products (Real Good Food PLC 2015). As it stands, the company owns the largest sugar distribution network in the United Kingdom. Real Good Food plc participates in various market sectors such as the wholesale, retail, manufacturing, food service and export. The company’s production and distribution activities are operated under six business divisions (Napier Brown, Real Good Food Europe, Renshaw, Garrett Ingredients, R&W Scott and Hayden Bakery) that supplies products to a greater part of the Eurozone (Annual Report: Real Good Food PLC 2014, pp. 1-3). The consumption of sugar worldwide has increased by more than 20% in the last ten years translating to an increase from around 140 million tonnes to 170 million tonnes currently consumed on an annual basis. The Eurozone consumption statistics show consumption rate of 16.5 million tonnes. The increase in sugar consumption rate presents a growth opportunity for Real Good Food PLC. However, it is feared that some major political factors may create a favourable situation for the exploitation of the opportunity. The whole world is getting sensitized to the health effects of sugar. Most nations, specifically in the west, seek to implement trade policies and health regulations that will set the standard of sugar contents in the manufactured products (Annual Report: Real Good Food PLC 2014, pp. 10). In addition, the production is affected by adverse weather conditions that have seen the global sugar production rate reduce. The prices of sugar are on the rise due to the reduction in the supply but increased demand. The economic performance, as measured by the market capitalization, of the sugar producing companies has declined due to the decrease in the stock prices. Fortunately, the

UV-Protective Effects of Soy Extracts in Cosmeceuticals

UV-Protective Effects of Soy Extracts in Cosmeceuticals UV-Protective effects of soy extracts in cosmeceuticals 1.0 Introduction Current changes in climate may have bothered many population of human around the globe. Thinning of ozone layer in the atmosphere aggravates the UV transmittance from the sun to the earth, which potentiate injurious skin effects when exposed to UV radiation [6]. The rising clinical cases of photo-induced skin problems covers from skin tanning until life-threatening skin cancer. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB (280-320 nm) from sunlight is one of the main environmental hazards to cause skin damage [1]. Such exposure may lead to edema, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperplasia, photoaging, immunosuppression, sunburn, inflammation and mutations of skin [1,6]. In photoaging, it is marked by the presence of fine and coarse wrinkles, textural changes and loss of skin elasticity. One of the therapies which has been used, be it mythological or based on factual findings, is soy extracts. Soy isoflavones are composed of glucosides (daidzin, genistin and glycitin) and aglycone (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) which play a role in health benefits of soy. These two different isoforms exist naturally in the isoflavones [1]. Though both protein and isoflavone components contained in the soy may have variety in their health benefits, the most beneficial extracts of the soy are exhibited by isoflavones [4]. It has been demonstrated to possess the physiological effects of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory activities [1] and health-benefit in cardiovascular disease [4]. In regard to the UVB-induced skin damage, soy isoflavones prevent keratinocyte death. By suppressing UVB-induced intracellular H2O2 release, it also reduces oxidative stress in the body [1]. Plus, topical application of daidzein (an aglycone) effectively reduces the cancer occurrence induced by chronic solar UV radiation and it provides UV-protective antioxidant effects [2]. Application of genistein topically inhibits both initiation and promotion of skin tumour [5]. In short, soy extracts give a wealthy health advantages in terms of its UV-protective benefits onto the skin. The following review regards the action of soy isoflavone in exhibiting the UV-protective effects. 2.0 Mechanism of action Several different possible mechanism of action appeared to be responsible for the biological health of body, particularly on the skin. Majority of in vitro research to date has narrowed down the potential benefits of soy isoflavones into the effects of skin aging through anti-inflammatory effect of isoflavones and the effects of photocarcinogenesis through inhibition of cell proliferative activities. 2.1 Genistein inhibits COX-2 activities Irradiation of human skin fibroblasts by UVB lead to expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) level and Growth Arrest and DNA-damage inducible (Gadd45) gene, of which both are involved in inflammation process and DNA repair, respectively [2]. Cellular responses, such as aging and carcinogenesis are caused by COX-2 expression induced by UV radiation [11]. COX-2 is an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain when there is an extrinsic stimulus acts against the body. Addition to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), isoflavones also showed inhibitory effects on the COX-2 expression. In inflammation process, expression of UVB-induced COX-2 in human epidermal cell cultures is inhibited by genistein. Due to this anti-inflammatory profile, it supresses the prostaglandin E2 synthesis as stimulated by UVB [13]. Prostaglandin is a vital mediator to cause inflammation effect. Gadd45 gene is a regulator for cell cycle and a DNA repair gene. It functions as a stress sensor and subjected to strees-signaling responses, be it physiological or environmental stressors. Stressful conditions, such as ionizing radiation induce Gadd45 gene expression [7]. Consequently, this leads to cell cycle arrest, cell survival and senescence, DNA repair or apoptosis. The mechanism of Gadd45 protein coordinates the responses of cells towards the stressors is unclear [7]. 2.2 Glucoside combination proves more beneficial In a study conducted by Iovine et.al, treatment of UVB-induced DNA damage by using genistin or daidzin before irradiation did not show significant prevention of the damage. In other way around, treatment using glucoside combination of genistein and daidzin proved most effective protection against UVB-induced DNA damage [2]. This is also supported by another report by Iovine et al which showed that the combination of isoflavones (in this case is genistein and daidzein) proved more effectively in preventing DNA damage caused by UVB [7]. 2.3 Inhibition of tyrosine protein kinases and phosphorylation of EGF-receptor Phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs as physiologic doses of UVB radiation are exposed to human keratinocytes [15]. Usage of isoflavone such as genistein blocks the action of tyrosine kinases (TPK) and phosphorylation of EGF-R, thus hindering the intracellular signalling pathway in human keratinocytes [9]. It is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor and may inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation [4]. Irradiation by UVB substantially initiates the phosphorylation of EGF-R and mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) [10]. H202 plays a significant role in this process. UVB exposure to human keratinocytes generates H2O2, which mediates EGF-R phosphorylation [15]. This phosphorylation process can be inhibited by dose-dependently incubate or treat with genistein. TPK-dependent EGF-R phosphorylation and MAPK activation are related to the initiation of transcription factors (promoting activities); release of inflammatory mediators, for instance, prostaglandins; and stimulation of cell proliferation. UVB-activated EGF-R can also lead to an increase in the thickness of the epidermis [10]. Hence, the inhibitory effects of genistein to the UVB-induced EGF-R phosphorylation and MAPK activation suggests its potential anti-promotional effects [9]. However, the tyrosine kinase effects brought by genistein have been postulated to be irrelevant to its potential health advantages due to doses required to produce such effects [14]. 2.4 Blocks pyrimidine dimer formation UVB irradiation can initiate oxidative DNA damage represented by 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-0HdG) and photodynamically-damaged DNA, as in pyrimidine dimer (PD) formation. 8-OHdG is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and aging and PD is a precursor of signature mutation of P53 genes. Formation PD and 8-OHdG in skin can be substantially promoted by UVB irradiation. Wei et al reported that in their study, UVB-exposed skins of euthanized mice were harvested for level of PD and 8-OHdG after the treatment with genistein. It was found that genistein significantly inhibited both PD and 8-OHdG formation in a dose-dependent regime [9]. In study conducted by Moore et al, pre-treatment of skin sample with dose-dependent regime of genistein prior to UV exposure can demonstrate a reduction in PD formation. An observable result can be seen in UV-induced DNA damage secondary to UV exposure in the absence of genistein after the treatment with genistein, whereby the damage has been significantly reduced in the skin sample [8]. Pharmacokinetics the isoflavone aglycone forms have poor solubility in water and oil; thus, a special galenic mixture is necessary to introduce these isoflavone preparations into cosmetic formulations [2]. Structure/medchem Genistein (4’,5,7-trigydroxyisoflavone) [7]

The Post-Soviet Reemergence of the Russian Empire Essay -- essays rese

The 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union signified an end to Russia’s control over its Middle Eastern Empire. Many of its states seceded and founded new nations and Russia lost significant power over the region. The new Russian Federation, in an effort to reestablish Soviet supremacy, has launched a neo-imperialistic campaign to once again have political, economic and security control over the area today known as the Caucasus. Principally, Russia wants to have political control over the area consisting of the lands of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia and Chechnya as well as the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, it is an objective to reap profit from this resource-rich area to stabilize Russia’s economy. Additionally, Russia wants to ensure the security of its power in the Middle East. In order to achieve these motives the Russian Government has used various strategies involving political legerdemain, economic exaction and military operations. After years of weakness following the breakdown of the Soviet Socialist government, Russia has once again sought to expand its empire over all of its successor states. The Russian government has used various tactics to assert power over the Caspian region as well as to achieve its political motives. Russia’s position in the economic sphere has been a valuable strategy to obtain political ends. â€Å"Moscow’s main lever of power, then as now, was its pipeline system, a remnant of the centralized Soviet economy in which all oil and natural gas from the Caspian first traversed Russia before passing on to the West.† (LeVinne, 1999) Russia’s control over this pipeline has meant that it has direct control over the Caspian nation’s resources and can use this to their advantage. One such example was... ...influence within the space of the former Soviet Union a determining aspect in the future of Russian statehood. The entities surrounding the Caspian Sea are also the focus of many vital economic prospects which would contribute to Russia’s hegemony over the Southern Tier region. In a textbook example of neo-imperialism Russia has covered all its bases included the impending threat of enemies resulting from Moscow’s political and economic exploitation. Russia has proved that it will use any means possible such as military conquest and political and economic hegemony to its advantage to extend its control over the territory, political systems and economic profits of the nations forming the Caucasus. The Russian government has certainly demonstrated its resurgent imperial ability and resolute determination to ultimately see the reemergence of a powerful Russian empire.